Which organization is responsible for publishing the annual fee schedule that sets the maximum allowable fees under Medicare Part B?

The organization responsible for publishing the annual fee schedule that sets the maximum allowable fees under Medicare Part B is the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). This agency is integral to the administration of Medicare, Medicaid, and other health programs in the United States. The annual fee schedule is a crucial component of Medicare Part B because it determines how much healthcare providers can be reimbursed for the services they provide to Medicare beneficiaries.

The fee schedule is developed based on a variety of factors, including the cost of services, the complexity of the procedures, and the outcomes achieved. By regulating these fees, CMS ensures that Medicare funds are allocated efficiently while maintaining access to necessary medical services for beneficiaries.

Other organizations mentioned do not have this role. For instance, the Food and Drug Administration focuses on the safety and efficacy of drugs and medical devices, while the National Institutes of Health primarily conducts medical research. The Department of Health and Human Services is a broader entity that encompasses various health-related activities but does not specifically set the fee schedules for Medicare. Thus, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid is the correct entity responsible for the annual fee schedule in question.